Due to the uncertainty regarding the Atlantic devil ray’s age, growth and reproductive rates, the species may become threatened in the future if commercial fishing pressures were to increase. But their moves remain a mystery to scientists. Mobula Rafinesque, 1810 – devil rays. Gestekelde duivelsrog in Dutch Itomaki-ei in Japanese Japanese devil ray in English Japanese devil ray in English The distinguishing physical characteristic of these species, from which they get the name devil ray, is the shape of the cephalic fins which look like horns projecting from their heads when rolled up. The IUCN is a global union of states, governmental agencies, and non-governmental organizations in a partnership that assesses the conservation status of species. Synonyms: Ceratobatis robertsii (Boulenger, 1897), Cephalopterus hypostomus (Bancroft, 1831). Rays in general are considered harmless and inoffensive. A recent revision of the phylogeny and taxonomy of genus Mobula, which included, amongst other things, the decision to consider the circumtropical spinetail devil ray M. japanica ajuniorsynonymofM. Additional support has come from the Marisla Foundation, UM College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, Museum of Zoology, and Information and Technology Services. ... Mobula munkiana – Munk’s devil ray. The devil rays get their name from their cephalic fins, which are normally held tightly curled and look like horns, but are sometimes unfurled and used to funnel food like shrimp towards their wide mouths. The fish is traveling with about a hundred other rays that also jump, twirl, and belly flop as they move through the sea. It is also found along the northeastern and southeastern United States continental shelf and within the Canary currents. Mobulidae Gill, 1893 – mantas, mantes, devil rays, mantas. This makes designing and implementing regulations difficult. Mobula Ray Aggregation Expeditions Ninja Uno 2020-09-08T11:05:13-06:00 Experience The Largest Ray Migration on Earth Every year tens of thousands of mobula rays visit the coast lines of the Sea of Cortez in Mexico’s Baja California peninsula. Evidence of some schooling fish, such as striped salt water minnows found in abundance off the coast of North Carolina, were also found. A comprehensive study of the DNA of the rays that – up until last week – were known as mantas and mobulas (or devil rays), has seen the taxonomic reclassification of mantas into the genus Mobula. © 2020 Regents of the University of Michigan. The Animal Diversity Web team is excited to announce ADW Pocket Guides! Mobula mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788) – devil fish, devil ray, giant devil ray, manta mobula : Species: Mobula munkiana Notarbartolo-di-Sciara, 1987 – manta chica, pygmy devil ray : Species: Mobula rancureli Cadenat, 1959 Species: Mobula rochebrunei (Vaillant, 1879) Species: Mobula tarapacana (Philippi, 1893) – sicklefin devil ray, manta cornuda Although the majority of elasmobranch families have been nailed down there will always be individual species that don’t quite fit the characteristics of their sibling species. The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. The Atlantic devil ray occurs in seas, bays and gulfs, and along the Brazil shelf. Grants DRL 0089283, DRL 0628151, DUE 0633095, DRL 0918590, and DUE 1122742. > Check the status of the Atlantic devil ray at the IUCN website. (1990). Regional population sizes are small, ranging from around 100 to 1,500 individuals, and in areas subject to fishing, have significantly declined. The disc of the Atlantic devil ray is about twice as wide as long, but this ray usually does not exceed 48 in (122 cm) in disc width. To cite this page: The name of the Atlantic devil ray comes from the ray’s distinctive “horns” formed by the forward facing cephalic fins. Help us improve the site by taking our survey. It has been suggested that females may mature at 42.1 in (107 cm) in disc width. Primarily a pelagic plankton feeder, the few stomach contents that have been examined of the Atlantic devil ray contained remnants of small crustaceans such as shrimp. Species Mobula kuhlii Shortfin devil ray. Some have been recorded as being born as small as 21.7 in (55 cm) disc width, but most are larger at birth. Mobula hypostoma (lesser devil ray) Mobula japanica (spinetail devil ray) Mobula kuhlii (shortfin devil ray) Mobula mobular (devil fish) Mobula munkiana (Munk's devil ray) Mobula rochebrunei (lesser Guinean devil ray) Mobula tarapacana (Chilean devil ray) Mobula thurstoni (smoothtail devil ray) The taxonomy of sharks and rays is a subject that remains in hot debate. The scientific name for this ray was later changed to Mobula hypostoma (Bancroft 1831). The petition requests that we list the giant devil ray ( M. mobular ) as a distinct species with a limited range throughout the Mediterranean Sea. Amongst Indonesia’s widespread small-scale fisheries, mobula bycatch is likely to be a more significant threat than target fisheries. Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species. However, like all rays, the Atlantic devil ray exhibits aplacental viviparity. Dentition of the male is more crowded with usually one or three (but sometimes up to four or five) long, slender blunt cusps facing inward. The Atlantic devil ray can be found in the western Atlantic Ocean from North Carolina south to northern Argentina. Reproduction Reaching widths of up to 29 feet (8.8 m), the manta rays are much larger than any other ray species. The Atlantic devil ray has no defensive spine on its tail. The giant manta ray is the largest ray and one of the largest fishes in the world. DOI : 10.11646/zootaxa.4126.1.9 . Species Mobula mobular Giant Devil Ray. The Atlantic devil ray was described in 1831 by Bancroft as Cephalopterus hypostomus. Taxonomy. Accessed at https://animaldiversity.org. Terminal (leaf) node. Devil ray s (Mobula species) belong to the family Myliobatidae which also includes the manta rays and eagle rays. Stingrays are disk-shaped and have flexible, tapering tails armed, in most species, with one or more saw-edged, venomous spines. disc width) of M. mobular, when compared to some of its congenerics, the giant devil ray is not giant at all. Please see our brief essay. The name of the Atlantic devil ray comes from the ray’s distinctive “horns” formed by the forward facing cephalic fins. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. They are large (up to 7 m disc width), planktivorous species, occurring worldwide in tropical and temperate waters (Last & Stevens, 2009). This ray is known to inhabit tropical waters between 24-25º south and 34-35º north latitude. It is also known as the lesser devil ray (English), devil ray (English), small devilfish (English), atlantische duivelsrog (Dutch), diable géant (French), mante diable (French), diablo (Portuguese), jamanta (Portuguese), manta chica (Spanish), manta enana (Spanish), raya (Spanish), and vestatlantisk djaevlerokke (Danish). Zootaxa 4126(1): 141–145. Stingray, any of a number of flat-bodied rays noted for the long, sharp spines on their tails. Species Mobula munkiana Pygmy devil ray. The Spinetail Devil Ray (J.P. Müller and Henle, 1841) (Mobula mobular; recently reviewed and changed from Mobuja japanica ) is one of the mobulid species caught most frequently in the purse-seine fishery in the eastern Pacific Ocean [8, 9, 13]. Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. MantaMatcher is a visual database of manta ray (Mobula birostris / Mobula alfredi) encounters and of individually catalogued manta rays. The taxonomy of sharks and rays. Launching itself six feet above the ocean’s surface, a fish called a mobula ray does a flip before plunging back into the water with a splash. (2012), whose comprehensive review of available biological and ecologic… 2020. This material is based upon work supported by the Each row of teeth overlaps the next with approximately ten rows of functional teeth in each jaw of both sexes. The Mobulidae have been variously considered a subfamily of the Myliobatidae by some authors, and a distinct family by others, but recent work favors the latter. The longhorned pygmy devil ray Mobula eregoodoo (Cantor, 1849), formerly known as Mobula eregoodootenkee (Bleeker, 1859), is a small mobulid with a disc reaching a maximum width of 1.3 m, widely ranging in tropical and subtropical latitudes across the Indian Ocean, the Indo‐Pacific region, and the western Pacific Ocean. This makes them a species whic… Their scientific name is Mobula Munkiana – which is where their common name Munk’s Devil Ray comes from. This may be due to low population numbers or to a more widespread range than currently known. This ray has been known to travel alone, in small groups, or in larger schools. We, NMFS, announce a 90-day finding on a petition to list the giant devil ray (Mobula mobular) as an endangered or threatened species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). As part of the Mobula ray genus, these rays are known for leaping from the water. When not feeding, the cephalic fins are tightly curled, giving the “horned” appearance. Manta and devil rays (collectively known as mobulids) belong to a group of rays called the Myliobatiforms, which contain 12 families and about 370 species. Taxonomy; Class: Chondrichthyes: Order: Myliobatiformes: Family: Mobulidae: Scientific name: Mobula hypostoma: Author (Bancroft, 1831) Standard reference: Eschmeyer, W.N. Taxonomically within the Mobulidae family there is just one genus: Mobula, which contains ten species - two (possibly three) manta species and eight devil ray species. When feeding, this ray often pushes its way through turtle grass using its cephalic fins to funnel food towards its mouth. The outer cephalic fins, lower parts of the disc and the tail of the Atlantic devil ray are a pale yellowish or grayish white, which continues along the ventral surface. Family. Giant devilrays migrate together in relatively small groups. Fishes in the Fresh Waters of Florida Gallery, Check the status of the Atlantic devil ray at the IUCN website. Possible specimens observed off West Africa have been described as blue, however the validity of these specimens’ identifications is in question. Mobula japanica: Taxonomy navigation › Mobula. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. Growing to only 1 meter (3 feet) wide makes them the smallest of the Mobula genus, which includes other species of devil rays as well as their much larger cousins – the Manta Rays. mobular,hascausedthelatterspecies In one reported observation, a female carried a single embryo, which initially fed on yolk then received additional nourishment from greenish uterine milk that is enriched with mucus, fat or protein. First record of the sicklefin devilray Mobula tarapacana (Myliobatiformes: Mobulidae) from Australian waters. Disclaimer: an order within an order? Forty-two species of rays from 9 families and 3 orders have been found in Sri Lankan waters both inshore and out at sea in depths of up to 200m. Information on the global distribution of giant manta rays and their population sizes is lacking. When pursuing prey, devil rays have also been seen to rush up to a sandy strip (such as a beach or sandbar) and then swim off. National Science Foundation Under this arrangement, Manta is included in Mobula. They inhabit warm temperate and tropical waters, sometimes in great abundance. Rays: Manta Rays, Mobula Rays, Stingrays, Skates & Electric Rays. The Pygmy Devil Ray, Mobula munkiana, whose common Spanish name is manta chica, is a species in the Eagle Ray or Myliobatidae Family, known collectively as águilas marinas in Mexico. However, due to their great size and power (especially in the case of M. mobular or Manta birostris), larger specimens may damage small boats and become dangerous to humans when harpooned or hooked. Although the light red flesh of this species has been reported to have a very good flavor, too few rays are caught to be actively commercially fished. This smaller eagle ray looks like its cousins, with its diamond-shaped pectoral disc that is twice as wide as it is long, and its dark gray black top and ivory white underside. The taxonomy of sharks and rays is a subject that remains in hot debate. These marine animals are expert acrobats. Sightings are common along the Atlantic coast of Florida and the surrounding areas (particularly in the summer), as well as in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Antilles. Genus. It is most often sighted near the surface over continental shelves, however at times this ray is known to come close to shore. Species Mobula rochebrunei Lesser Guinean devil ray. Based on genetic and to a lesser degree morphological evidence, the genus was redefined in 2017. Catalogue of the Genera of Recent Fishes. The ADW Team gratefully acknowledges their support. Dentition between the sexes differs with the teeth of the females being diamond, square or rectangular shaped, sometimes with all variations present simultaneously with a range of sizes. Ecuador is thought to be home to the largest population of giant manta ray, with large aggregation sites within the waters of the Machalilla National Park and the Galapagos Marine Reserve. Unconfirmed reports suggest M. hypostoma may stray as far north as New Jersey, west to the eastern Atlantic coast, and south to the coast of Senegal, Africa, but these specimens may be misidentified M. mobular or Manta birostris. Confused by a class within a class or For such reasons, M. hypostoma is unlikely to become popular commercially even if it were to become a more desirable food fish. Two genera have been traditionally recognized, Manta and Mobula, but recent DNA analysis shows that Mobula as traditionally recognized is paraphyletic to manta rays, making Manta a junior synonym of Mobula. The only reported sighting of copulation states that the pair was in a ventral to ventral position while swimming at the surface with the actual mating lasting approximately 10 minutes. The Atlantic devil ray is often confused with its larger family member, Manta birostris, and in many languages the common names appear interchangeable. Coloration Atlantic devil rays have been described as black from above. Devil rays in the genus Mobula are slow growing, late to mature, long-lived, large-bodied fish with highly fragmented populations. ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. While ADW staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable, we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control. Similar species: Mobula rays are very difficult to differentiate in the field. Accurate information on growth rates, maximum sizes, and size/age of maturity is currently lacking. But the Atlantic devil ray is smaller, growing to only about 48 inches wide, and its long tail lacks a spine. The manta and devilrays of the family Mobulidae constitute some of the most charismatic species of rays. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Whether it roams deeper and/or ranges more of the Atlantic Ocean is unknown. This was highlighted by Couturier et al. The Atlantic devil ray is a pelagic wanderer. The library is maintained and used by marine biologists to collect and analyse manta encounter data to learn more about these amazing creatures. Size, Age, and Growth These “horns” help funnel water into their mouths as they swim, and modified gill plates filter zooplankton and small fish, which are their primary food sources. Rays generally live and feed on planktonic animals at the bottom or close to it – one notable exception is the Oceanic manta ray, which glides through the open ocean feeding on plankton near … Species. Mobula hypostoma (Bancroft, 1831) – … Dentition Species Mobula japanica Manta. Unlike similar species such as manta rays and whale sharks, Indonesia’s mobula ray fisheries are unregulated. Larger fish and marine mammals are potential predators of the Atlantic devil ray. Although the majority of elasmobranch families have been nailed down there will always be individual species that don't quite fit the characteristics of their sibling species. It is also known as the lesser devil ray (English), devil ray (English), small devilfish (English), atlantische duivelsrog (Dutch), diable géant (French), mante diable (French), diablo (Portuguese), jamanta (Portuguese), manta chica (Spanish), manta enana (Spanish), raya (Spanish), and vestatlantisk djaevlerokke (Dan… Despite the public attention they receive, there is still uncertainty regarding their taxonomy, phylogeny, life history and population structure. Little is known about the reproductive biology of the Atlantic devil ray. Mobula rays are under threat. Species Mobula tarapacana Chilean devil ray. Synonyms include Mobula olfersii and Cephaloptera olfersii, Müller 1834, Cephaloptera massenoidea, Hill 1862, and Ceratobatis robertsi, Ceratobatic robertsii, and Mobula reobertsi, Boulanger 1897. Giant devilrays are filter feeders, catching food on their branchial filter plates as they swim. Food Habits Predators Species Mobula thurstoni Manta. The longhorned pygmy devil ray Mobula eregoodoo (Cantor, 1849), formerly known as Mobula eregoodootenkee (Bleeker, 1859), is a small mobulid with a disc reaching a maximum width of 1.3 m, widely ranging in tropical and subtropical lat- itudes across the Indian Ocean, the Indo-Pacific region, and the western Pacific Mobula japanica (Müller & Henle, 1841) Common names Astelsaba-merisarvik in Estonian Cawang genul in Javanese Cá Ó dơi Nhật Bản in Vietnamese Devilray in English Diable de mer japonais in French Fāfārua in language. 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